British Imperialism in India Essay - 706 Words

â€Å"Englishmen.. have given the people of India the greatest human blessing - peace.† (Dutt). Merely coming to India in the 1600s to trade, the British East India Company established trading outposts. After ridding of French influence in India during the Seven Years’ War and having Indians mutiny against British rule, Britain gained full control of India. India has been under the imperialist control of the British until their independence in 1947. British imperialism caused some negative effects on India through poverty and persecution, but retained more of a positive impact due to its massive improvements in the modernization of India and the overall improvement of Indian civilization. Despite impacting India very positively, imperialism†¦show more content†¦Another way modernization is illustrated in India is through agriculture and industry, notwithstanding the effects it had on Indians. Industry guided India to a much stronger economy, arguably guiding th em to holding a spot in the top ten economies in the world (O.I). Irrigation cultivated approximately 30 million acres, awarding the country great agricultural wealth. Along with wealth also came a disappearance of the famines in India. Collectively, the country of India as a whole benefited from this modernization as it set a higher standard of living for the population. As India’s modernization developed, the entire civilization of India improved remarkably. The country’s improvement of civilization is exemplified through it’s establishment of schools and law. Western education was introduced by Britain and laws were well made with courts that enforce them. (Doc 3). One should take into account the speaker of this document because Romesh Dutt is an Indian like any other, yet he praises the British for what they have done to contribute to the development of India. In addition to these establishments is Britain bringing finer ideals of humanity to India. Infanticide, the killing of female babies, was brought to a halt as well as participation in the slave trade (Doc 5). Without the interference of Britain, these inhumane actions would be prevalent throughout India and the country would suffer from a bad reputation. TheseShow MoreRelatedBritish Imperialism In India1626 Words   |  7 Pagesthe impact of British colonial conquest o n India’s economy while lightly touch on the pre-colonial economic conditions as well. Colonialism refers to a process of control and domination where one country dominates the other. It is the control on the social, economic, and political policies of the colony countries (Emerson, 1969). Many European countries starting colonising other nations in order to gain raw materials, wealth, power and to spread their mission of civilization. The British controlledRead MoreBritish Imperialism in India Essay1746 Words   |  7 PagesEngland. They were influenced by British thought, British ideas, that is why our leaders were always telling the British How can you do these things? Theyre against your own basic values.. We had no hatred, in fact it was the other way round - it was their values that made us revolt. br-Aruna Asaf Ali, a leader of the Indian National Congress. br(Masani, quoted in Wood, 32, 1989) br brThere is no doubt that British imperialism had a large impact on India . India, having previously been an groupRead More British Imperialism in India and China Essay736 Words   |  3 PagesBritish Imperialism in India and China Imperialism is the domination of a weaker country by a stronger country. For instance Britain dominated India and China in the mid 1880s to the beginning of the 20th century. Imperialism has had both a positive and negative effects on the countries involved. Britain was imperialistic for many reasons, it could dominate because it had the technology and power to do so. They also needed land to acquire raw materials for growing markets.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One countryRead MoreThe Impact Of British Imperialism On Modern India1244 Words   |  5 Pagesinquiry is to analyze to what extent did British Imperialism have an effect on shaping modern India? The main source that will be discussed in this paper is the seventh book of the Spotlight on History Series called The British Raj, which explains the reasons behind the conflicts between the British Empire and Indian nationalism and assess the achievements of a memorable relationship. The whole notion behind imperialism, more often than not, is regarded as aRead MoreThe Effects And Effects Of British Imperialism In India1632 Words   |  7 PagesFor approximately 200 years, Great Britain had ruled over the Indian subcontinent. After Robert Clive’s forces won the Battle of Plassey, the East India Company had gained some power in 1757 (Ray). Before the period of British rule known as the Raj, India’s economy had been stable for some centuries. The Company had soon taken advantage of the strong framework in place, monopolizing industry and taking political control as well. India’s already large and growing population provided cheap labor forRead MoreHow British Imperialism Led to the Rebellion in India1187 Words   |  5 Pagesterms, referred to as Imperialism. The British approach to the colonization of India came out of: the European, specifically British, superiority mindset; the practical approach of attaining resources in return for modern ization and â€Å"guardianship†; and the solidification of Britain as the world’s dominating force. Britain’s use of Imperialism, as a necessity to maintain its Empire, acted as the catalyst of the Indian Rebellion. The colonization of India, through the use of British Imperial tacticsRead MoreDo You Agree with the View That by 1940 the Main Obstacle to Indian Independence Was Not British Imperialism but Divisions Within India?991 Words   |  4 PagesDo you agree with the view that by 1940 the main obstacle to Indian independence was not British imperialism but divisions within India? Many people believe that in the 1940’s most of India’s problems involving independence was to do with divisions within India rather than British imperialism. In this essay I will be looking at both points of view and finally giving my opinion. I will be using three sources also to help me show both sides of the story. I will also be using my further knowledgeRead MoreImperialism : Modern Global History852 Words   |  4 PagesTianze Shan Ms. Bonne Modern Global History 30 October 2016 Imperialism happened in the history In the history, strong countries always trying to conquer the small and undeveloped countries in order to gain resources that they need and show their power, that’s called imperialism. This paper will talk about imperialism in Southeast Asia, India and South America, how European power imperialize those areas and how imperialism effect those areas. Southeast Asia is located at the corner of Asia, madeRead MoreIndian Independence1255 Words   |  6 PagesApril 22, 2010 Indian Independence India, in the 18th century was ruled by the British for two centuries. The Indians wanted freedom from the British. British looted and caused fights in India and treated them with no respect. The Indian Independence was caused by British Imperialism. The British wanted to take over India, but India wanted freedom as well since it’s their country not the British. Although politics and nationalism were important causes of the Indian Independence MovementRead MoreIndia s Break From The British Raj1652 Words   |  7 PagesI’ve always been intrigued by India with its beautiful land and culture, but in my years of school I have never learned too much about it and had always wondered why there was such a heavy British influence there. Little did I know, this English influence began long before I imagined and will mostly likely continue to exist for quite some time. Furthermore, I have chosen to research and write about India’s break from the British Raj (rule) of a lmost 100 years of imperialism. The leader I chose in this

Minimum Wage Persuasive Essay - 1424 Words

I. Position Statement Is increasing minimum wage beneficial to society? I believe the United States Federal government should increase the minimum wage. Minimum wage has been a controversial topic in the United States for numerous years. Experts are constantly doing studies and finding emotional and logical appeals to support their arguments. Accordingly, when discussing minimum wage, long-term and short-term effects need to be brought into consideration. Throughout my research, I have found a multitude of claims that support and counter my argument. Overall, this essay will focus on ways minimum wage impacts society in a variety of different fields. II. Counter Argument ___A. Summarize the counterclaims The increase of minimum wage is†¦show more content†¦In addition, the United States’ current unemployment rate has been reduced despite a rise in minimum wage over the last number of years. ___D. Give evidence for argument There is a variety of evidence supporting how making a small increase to minimum wage will be beneficial to the economy. â€Å"A minimum wage increase from the current rate of $7.25 an hour to $10.10 would inject $22.1 billion net into the economy and create about 85,000 new jobs over a three-year phase in period† (Economic Policy Institute, 2014). Based on the current unemployment rate in the United States, this assessment appears to be correct. The technological revolution occurring in society will never be able to replace good customer service. Accordingly, with good customer service comes customer loyalty that robots/technology cannot replace. An article that supports this claim indicates the reason for Chick-Fil-A’s dominance is because of their exceptional customer service. This article states, â€Å"Beyond the food, which gets high ratings from customers, many analysts point to Chick-fil-A s exceptional service for their success†(Peterson, 2016). ___A. Ass ert point #1 of your claims When discussing minimum wage increase, it is important to view it from all spectrums of life. Unfortunately, some adults work full time in minimum wage careers making low annual wages. Not only is it hard to support their families, it is hard to maintain theirShow MoreRelatedMinimum Wage Persuasive Essay1067 Words   |  5 PagesRandy Oczkowski Mrs. Kenny March 25, 2013 Persuasive Essay $7.25 equals two gallons of gas, one fast food meal, or a simple school supply. With the minimum wage at the current rate you must work one hour to earn the seven dollars and twenty-five cents that only supply you with small necessities for everyday living. This problem was encountered before and was resolved with the agreement to higher the minimum wage from $5.85 to the current $7.25. Although that was a big increase in salariesRead MorePersuasive Essay Outline :Minimum Wage964 Words   |  4 Pages Persuasive Essay Outline :Minimum Wage 1 Intro - I want you to think about your very first job .Were you a Bellhop ,cashier ,bartender ,cooks(fast food ),lifeguard, .Now how about your second job were you a airport worker or child care worker.About how m uch were youRead MorePersuasive Essay On Minimum Wage1526 Words   |  7 PagesMinimum wage is defined by the dictionary as â€Å"the lowest wage paid or permitted to be paid; specifically: a wage fixed by legal authority or by contract as the least that may be paid either to employed persons generally or to a particular category of employed persons.† Minimum wage is also referred to as the living wage. For many in and out of the political arena, minimum wage, is a topic of debate. The discussion involves the fairness of the current wage and the need to raise this wage to correlateRead MoreMinimum Wage Persuasive Essay1870 Words   |  8 PagesRaising minimum wage is a very controversial topic. Minimum wage became a federal law in 1938 and only it was only twenty-five cents. Today minimum wage has increased and is currently ten dollars and fifty cents. As one can see minimum wage has increased dramatically and will continue to increase. Minimum wage should not continue to increase at this rate because many businesses will be affected, the price of living will increase and it will alter the way people live. With this minimum wage is hurtingRead MoreMinimum Wage Persuasive Essay1106 Words   |  5 Pagesmore than the federal minimum wage? If you said yes then perhaps you are unaware of the many negative effects surrounding a higher minimum wage and after reading this you will be educated on why the minimum wage should not be raised. In the beginning, the minimum wage was created with good intentions. It was originally established in 1938 and was $.25 an hour (Sessions). It was created to make sure that businesses would not take advantage over workers. While the minimum wage was and still is a goodRead MorePersuasive Essay On Minimum Wage1174 Words   |  5 Pages The US minimum wage should not be raised to $18.00 an hour for adults by 2020. Raising our minimum wage is just as good as destroying our economy and all the work our government has done to lower unemployment rates. Jamie Richardson, MBA, VP of the fast-food chain White Castle, stated that the company would be forced to close almost half of its restaurants and let go thousands of workers if the federal minimum wage was raised to $15. Peter D. Schiff, an investment broker and investor, stated inRead MorePersuasive Speech Draft (Minimum Wage) Essay745 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Kirsten Burroughs Professor Hart Persuasive Speech 04 December 2013 Intro: People of the middle class all know that the minimum wage of $7.25 is not sufficient to maintain a comfortable lifestyle. There is considerable evidence to show that the current generations comfortable lifestyles require a more luxurious price for standard living. The cost of living over the years has dramatically increased due to high consumer demands of products. As that being said, $7.25 is just not enough forRead Moreminimum wage1601 Words   |  7 Pagesfor the low-income workers and their families whenever the government increases the minimum wage. The United States Congress adopted the Fair Labor Standards Act in 1938. Congress created the minimum wage toward the end of the Depression era to ensure a minimum standard oPremium 2048 Words 9 Pages Macroeconomics: Should the Minimum Wage Increase? Should the Minimum Wage Increase? Minimum wage is the lowest wage permitted by law or by a special agreement that can be applied for an employee or putRead MoreWal Mart : A Necessary Evil? Essay975 Words   |  4 PagesWal-Mart: A Necessary Evil? It does not take a large amount of funding and private studies to see that Wal-Mart is a widely successful corporation that offers cheaper prices than their competitors. In Jack and Suzy Welch’s essay they argue that we should support businesses that help individuals, communities and whole economies prosper, they claim that, â€Å"Wal-Mart helps individuals, communities, and whole economies prosper† (161), so we should support Wal-Mart. On the other hand, Paul Krugman arguesRead MoreGoodmans Arguments Against Relativism in Some Moral Minima979 Words   |  4 Pagesrelativism Given the increasing globalization of modern society, combined with the influence of postmodernism, the philosophy of moral relativism has become increasingly popular and accepted within the academy. However, according to Lenn E. Goodmans essay Some moral minima, some things are just wrong. Goodman writes: All living beings make claims to life (Goodman 2010: 88). In other words, to protect the sanctity of human life, sometimes it is necessary to lay down certain absolute ground rules

Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Biotron Limited

Question: Discuss about the Pharmaceutical Biotechnology for Biotron Limited. Answer: Inroduction: Biotron Limited (Biotron) is a pharmaceutical biotechnology company based in Australia. It is developing new therapeutic drugs targeting Hepatitis C and HIV AIDS through cutting edge research. Its most popular drug is the BIT 225 which is being developed clinically for treatment of both Hepatitis C and HIV AIDS. It is also in the process of developing oral direct-acting antiviral drugs for use against the Hepatitis C virus. (Biotron, 2016) The Chief Financial Officer, Peter James Nightingale, who is also the secretary, is responsible for the budget planning and book-keeping of the company, while also being accountable for his chief deliverable of managing the financial risk of the company. The timely and accurate release of the corporations financial reports also fall under his purview. He is involved in top-level decision making, both strategic and tactical, working closely with the Chief Operating Officer and the Chairman, Dr. Michael J. Hoy. Dr. Hoy is a decorated executive with more than 30 years of corporate experience in Australia, US, UK and Asia. The following are the general areas of responsibility of a Chief Financial Officer: Forecasting and Planning: A CFO should be able to share his views and critically analyze the department-wise performance of his company. Being an important part of the strategy team of the company, his job is to identify, appreciate and consolidate the high performing assets for strengthening capitalization, while keeping a close watch on the low-performing assets for necessary actions. Forecasting through financial modelling is a major part of his job description. Long-term sustainability of the companys profits is his ultimate goal. Contingency planning through scenario analysis, considering all the possibilities the company can face, also constitutes a major part of time. The Hepatitis C drug market has been forecasted to grow in value to $19 billion by 2017 with more than 3% of the world population predicted to be infected. Biotron should take the right steps to capture a greater share of this increased market potential. Auditor and Controller: Assessment of company performance and translation into financially measurable metrics is the responsibility of the Chief Financial Officer. The timely release of quarter-end results and other financial reports and information which is useful to all stakeholders shareholders, employees and management is solely the responsibility of his finance team. The accuracy and precision of these reports is critical as it drives many strategic decisions. Converting the operational metrics to financial ones is a task made easy by use of tools like ratio analysis and balanced scorecard. Treasurer: The companys financial risk is managed solely by the CFO. Investment of pension funds and other funds needs the final approval of the CFO. The risk, return and liquidity of the investment options drive his investment decisions. According to the efficient market hypothesis, the only possible way to get higher returns than the market is by increasing the risk of the portfolio. This is based in the conjecture that the share prices always represent the true value of the stock, representing the sentiment, trading at very close to its fair value. Therefore, betting long on undervalued stocks or shorting the overvalued ones is impossible because it is very difficult to locate such stocks. However, this theory is always under scrutiny and much debated in financial circles. Accumulation of well-above average returns by investor like Warren Buffet by investing in portfolios clearly questions this theory. It is further contradicted by sustained bull and bear runs of the market. That being said, according to academic research, it is theoretically impossible to beat the market for long periods of time. Although very rare, one still might earn higher returns through careful stock selection. Therefore, it is always better to invest in portfolios directly indexed to the market as they are low cost and guarantee average market returns. This kind of an investment is also known as passive investment. A CFO, being responsible for the management of pension funds, has to ensure that the pension funds operates sustainably and effectively for a long duration. The risk window that the manager can manipulate is very narrow, since the fund contains life-long savings of a large number of people and has to provide guaranteed benefits after retirements. Since the governments is gradually shifting the responsibility of social security from itself to the individuals and corporations, pension fund management has become very popular. The pension fund may directly be managed by an in-house team employed by the CFO. There are also consultancies and fund-management service companies which provide these services and manage the pension fund on behalf of the corporation. Alternatively, there are also government pension schemes available which can be availed and numerous insurance schemes which provide retirement benefits to customers. Besides investments, the capital structure of the corporation is also in the hands of the CFO. Both debt and equity fund raising has to be arranged by the CFO and the debt/equity ratio needs to be appropriately maintained. Any scrutiny by the stakeholders about the debt and equity and the reasons for his decision making has to be dealt with by the CFO. Bitron recently completed an A$8 million fundraising drive, underlining the positive market sentiment that Biotron has significant upside and that its drugs are undervalued as compared to other HCV drugs.(Proactive Investors, 2016) The objectives of the corporation and its drive towards its achievement are impacted by the CFO in a major way. Measurable and time-bound performance objectives are established by him along with the other C-level executives. These objectives also depend on the position of the company in its life-cycle. For example, while an established FMCG major might be interested in improving its gross margins by 20% in a quarter, an apparel start-up might prioritize increasing its Gross Merchandise Volume by 100%. Realistic and achievable targets are set b CFO by critically analyzing the past financial performance reports and other resources. Monitoring and achievement of desired objectives after they have been accurately defined is the responsibility of the CFO. Proper KPI have to be outlined to quantify the various performance objectives. Continuous tracking of these KPIs and feedback to the management have to be provided by the CFO. Financial insights are translated into operating procedures by his team which are then followed by the workforce in the organization. Collaboration with the various operating groups in the company is necessary. The companys performance is impacted in a significant way if the CFO is unable to fulfill his responsibilities. Any funding needs of the company should be readily fulfilled by the CFO. Lack of availability of funds can significantly set the company back in the achievement of its goals. Pharmaceutical companies require heavy investment in RD and may take 4-5 or even 10-15 years in some cases in recuperating back the investment. The clinical development of the BIT225, the flagship drug of Biotron targeting both HCV and HIV requires strong financial backing. To provide the company enough cash for its operational day-to-day expenses, the CFO has to keep the company appropriately leveraged, along with managing the risks in the process of building strong fundamentals. Smooth functioning of the business is ensured by guaranteeing the availability of liquidity so that the business can remain afloat. The CFOs job profile has risen meteorically from a book-keeping accountant to a strategy consultant. A lot of trust is bestowed on him by the senior leadership. He has become more of a business partner rather than a transactional employee. He has risen in the ranks to reach the position of a thought leader from a micromanager, from a doer to a strategizer, from a reserved personality to an outspoken one. He is now skilled at communicating the company perspective to the shareholders and the board of directors. The CFO ensures that the financial foundation of the corporation remains intact in this turbulent global economic environment. Many CEOs in todays big corporations are the first in-line to be the next CEOs. Biotron has consistently been featured in the Americas AIDS magazine and other media because of the cutting edge research it is currently pursuing. Its share price saw a spike after its drugs were found to be effective against the Zika virus. Biotron had recently sent a several drugs from its library to an independent facility for testing against the Zika virus, one of which showed significantly positive results. The US Senate has pledged a whopping $662.1 million investment in order to curb the spread of the Zika virus. This would be large valuation impact for Biotron if the drug shows positive results in clinical trials. (Proative Investors, n.d.)In addition to the BIT 225, it has other program for developing targets targeting Dengue. Such projects are still in their early stage. It has also identified a new class of viral proteins as targets for potential intervention. If these efforts are to fructify and show strong returns, Biotron will need better support both strategically and financially from its CFO. Considering the excellent track record of Biotron in the past, the shareholders should not be worried at all about its future performance. Efficient market Hypothesis (EMH) states that stock prices truly reflect the sentiment for that stock in the market and it is impossible to make more than average returns from the markets. According to EMH, prices truly reflect all information. However, the efficiency may be weak or strong depending on whether the prices reflect both public and private information or not. Privileged information includes market knowledge and insider information available only to the management. It also includes the proprietary information compiled by various investment managers of fund-management firms. Efficient Market Hypothesis has been hotly debated ever since its inception. Empirical studies have been conducted on various stock markets to prove its relevance. Market- makers and corporate managers have made abnormal profits based on the insider information available to them (although it is illegal to do so). Therefore, it is clear that abnormal profits can be easily made in weakly efficient markets with some privileged information. Besides that, there have been countless practical examples where investors such as Warren Buffet have made very strong profits by selectively investing in the market. Such investors exploit the violations inherent in the Efficient Market Hypothesis. One of the popular significant violation is that markets respond very slowly to surprising events like extremely good/bad earning announcements. Such stocks have been observed to be earning significant excess returns over and above the market portfolio. (ET Beaureu, 2011) There have been other historically popular violations that have been exploited by investment firms. One such was pairs trading which was exploited by Morgan Stanley in the 80s. It basically is a market-neutral trading strategy which takes both long and short position in highly correlated entities like two stocks, currencies, commodities etc. Then there were also strategies like fixed income arbitrage which was exploited by Salomon Brothers. However, it is very difficult to make excess returns from such techniques today as they are now so widely known that books have been written on them. The boom in hedge funds also does not substantiate the violations in efficient market hypothesis. EMH has led to the establishment of passively-managed portfolios and indexed portfolios which have no hassle, no fees and very low transaction costs. Today many index funds daily outperform the actively-managed funds. Investors are today generally advised to accept the EMH today as the violations that generate significant excess returns are either rare, illegal or not advertised to the retail investor or the general public. (Kumar, 2012) Pension funds typically have large sums of money invested as they contain the life-long savings of the employees of a corporation or multiple corporations. A pension fund manager has very little leeway when it comes to playing with risk to generate higher than average returns. Given EMH, the pension fund management process should thus not focus on getting above-average returns, as they are impossible. Rather, it should focus on minimizing the risk while maintaining the average market returns. The pension fund manager should focus on reducing the investment cost- transaction cost, interest cost, capital cost etc. References Anderson, C., 2016. What Are the Top Ten CFO Responsibilities. Retrieved September 15, 2016 from https://www.bizmanualz.com/be-a-better-boss/what-are-the-top-ten-cfo-responsibilities.html Biery, M. E., 2015. 4 Key Functions of a Chief Financial Officer. Retrieved September 15, 2016 from https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/242001 Biotron, 2016. Biotron. Retrieved September 15, 2016 from https://www.biotron.com.au/ ET Bureau, 2011. Efficient market hypothesis maintains financial markets are information efficient. Economic Times. Retrieved September 15, 2016 from. https://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-09-15/news/30160087_1_index-funds-fund-managers-efficient-market-hypothesis Investopedia Staff, 2015. What does a Chief Financial Officer (CFO) do. Investopedia. Retrieved September 15, 2016 from https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/04/042204.asp Kumar, S., 2012. If Markets Were Efficient, Why are there Winners and Losers?.. Retrieved September 15, 2016 from https://valuestockguide.com/all/wall-streets-achilles-heel-efficient-market-hypothesis-doesnt-always-work/ Proactive Investors, 2016. Biotron Limited cashes up as research refines Hepatitis C therapy. Proactive Investors Australia. Retrieved September 15, 2016 from https://www.proactiveinvestors.com.au/companies/news/64934/biotron-limited-cashes-up-as-research-refines-hepatitis-c-therapy--64934.html Proative Investors, n.d. Biotron Ltd shares rise after drug compounds show promise against Zika virus. Proactive Investors, Australia. Retrieved September 15, 2016 from https://www.proactiveinvestors.com.au/companies/news/68773/biotron-ltd-shares-rise-after-drug-compounds-show-promise-against-zika-virus-68773.html.